Surgery for tumors of the neck, salivary glands, and thyroid

Surgery for tumors of the neck, salivary glands, and thyroid aims to achieve complete tumor excision while preserving vital neurovascular and functional structures. The surgical approach varies based on tumor type, size, and malignancy potential. Salivary gland tumors are typically managed by superficial or total gland excision with facial nerve preservation when possible. Thyroid tumors are treated with lobectomy or total thyroidectomy, sometimes accompanied by lymph node dissection. Postoperative management includes monitoring for complications such as nerve injury, hypocalcemia, and ensuring appropriate oncologic follow-up.