Corneal transplantation

Corneal transplantation, also known as keratoplasty, is a surgical procedure in which a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced with donor corneal tissue to restore vision. The surgery can be performed as penetrating keratoplasty (full-thickness) or lamellar keratoplasty (partial-thickness), depending on the extent of corneal involvement. Indications include keratoconus, corneal scarring, dystrophies, and endothelial failure. The procedure is performed under local or general anesthesia with microsurgical techniques. Postoperative care focuses on preventing graft rejection, controlling inflammation, and optimizing visual rehabilitation.